57 results
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
albumin gradient (SAAG ... ) SAAG ≥ 1.1: ... Cirrhosis, Late Budd-Chiari ... pericarditis, Early Budd-Chiari ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Ascites Differential Diagnosis Table - Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG)

SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 • Cirrhosis
 • Portal
Albumin Gradient (SAAG ... ) SAAG ≥ 1.1: ... thrombosis • Late budd-chiari ... obstruction • Early budd-chiari ... SAAG < 1.1:
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
Granular & “Muddy ... Brown” Casts on ... Finely granular cast ... coarser granular cast ... coarse (c) and muddy
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy - Casts ... Acellular Casts ... • Hyaline Casts ... • "Muddy Brown ... " Casts - Strongly
Muddy Brown Granular Casts three ways - Brightfield, Darkfield, Phase Contrast.

Dr. Vipin Varghese @vipvargh

#Muddy #Brown #Granular
Muddy Brown Granular ... Casts three ways ... Varghese @vipvargh #Muddy ... Brown #Granular #Casts
Examples of varying granular and granular/waxy mixed casts: 
A: coarse granular/broad-waxy (and surrounding white blood cells);
granular/waxy mixed casts ... light granular/muddy ... granular, C and D: muddy ... Granular #MuddyBrown #Casts
Causes of Ascites
Normal Peritoneum
Portal hypertension (SAAG > 1.1 g/dL)
  1. Hepatic congestionl
hypertension (SAAG ... insufficiency - Budd-Chiari ... Hypoalbuminemia (SAAG ... - Myxedema (SAAG ... Diseased Peritoneum (SAAG
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... disease • Granular casts ... renal disease • “Muddy ... brown cast” - Necrotic
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm

•
Perform paracentesis:
 • Cell count and diff 
 • Total
Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm ... • Calculate SAAG ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Fatty Liver • Cysts ... Heart Failure • Budd-Chiari ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm