119 results
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
) SAAG ≥ 1.1: ... Cirrhosis, Late Budd-Chiari ... syndrome, Massive liver ... pericarditis, Early Budd-Chiari ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
Granular & “Muddy ... Brown” Casts on ... coarse (c) and muddy ... of mb granular casts ... Granular #MuddyBrown #Casts
Causes of Ascites
Normal Peritoneum
Portal hypertension (SAAG > 1.1 g/dL)
  1. Hepatic congestionl
Causes of Ascites ... insufficiency - Budd-Chiari ... Liver disease ... - Acute fatty liver ... peritonitis #Ascites #Causes
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Non-Malignant • Fatty Liver ... • Cysts • Hemochromatosis ... Heart Failure • Budd-Chiari ... #Causes #Hepatology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy - Casts ... Acellular Casts ... • Hyaline Casts ... • "Muddy Brown ... " Casts - Strongly
Muddy Brown Granular Casts three ways - Brightfield, Darkfield, Phase Contrast.

Dr. Vipin Varghese @vipvargh

#Muddy #Brown #Granular
Muddy Brown Granular ... Casts three ways ... Varghese @vipvargh #Muddy ... Brown #Granular #Casts
Examples of varying granular and granular/waxy mixed casts: 
A: coarse granular/broad-waxy (and surrounding white blood cells);
granular/waxy mixed casts ... light granular/muddy ... granular, C and D: muddy ... Granular #MuddyBrown #Casts
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
HTN: ascites (SAAG ... Post-Hepatic: • Cardiac causes ... pericarditis • Budd ... sarcoidosis) • Liver ... metastasis • Fatty liver
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... diagnosis #nephrology #casts
Causes of Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular - Liver Parenchyma
 • Infectious: Hepatitis C, A,
Causes of Acute ... Hepatocellular - Liver ... Hepatic Vein: Budd-Chiari ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Acute #algorithm