26 results
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
After Gastric Bypass ... • Thiamine - Nausea ... - Macrocytic anemia ... Deficiencies #Gastric #Bypass ... #table #differential
Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Cobalamin
Decreased Intake
Pancreas: Insufficiency
Intestine: SIBO, Celiac disease, IBD, Lymphoma, Amyloidosis, Resection,
Causes of Vitamin ... Stomach: Pernicious anemia ... , Bypass/gastrectomy ... Deficiency #Cobalamin #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
EKG Findings Causes ... Milk-alkali syndrome • Vitamin ... Electrocardiogram #Differential ... #Causes #Diagnosis ... #Cardiology
The Inhibited Pathway caused by N2O, leading to a decrease in the active form of Vitamin
Inhibited Pathway caused ... active form of Vitamin ... use of N2O can cause ... of pernicious anemia ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia ... • Hemolytic anemia ... glycosylation • Vitamin ... Diagnosis #DM2 #Differential
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Diet: ↓ Intake, e.g. vegan, Malnutrition, Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin ... Iron #Deficiency #Causes ... #differential # ... diagnosis #anemia
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
breath, wasting, anemia ... Loss of teeth Anemia ... , or any other cause ... weeks #Scurvy #Pathophysiology ... #Pathophysiology
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Framework for Anemia ... thalassemia • Anemia ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin ... morphologic #mcv #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Altered Mental Status - Differential Diagnosis
 • Neurologic: Stroke, Cerebral hypoxia, Cerebral hemorrhage, Seizure, Trauma, TBI,
Mental Status - Differential ... Electrolyte disturbance, Uremia ... , Hypercarbia, Vitamin ... #Status #AMS #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
Causes of Low Vitamin ... B12 Levels Low vitamin ... Autoimmune - Pernicious anaemia ... low #cobalamin #differential