15 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
EKG Findings Causes ... Milk-alkali syndrome • Vitamin ... #EKG #ECG #Electrocardiogram ... #Differential # ... #Cardiology
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
After Gastric Bypass ... : • Vitamin A - ... • Thiamine - Nausea ... Deficiencies #Gastric #Bypass ... #table #differential
Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Cobalamin
Decreased Intake
Pancreas: Insufficiency
Intestine: SIBO, Celiac disease, IBD, Lymphoma, Amyloidosis, Resection,
Causes of Vitamin ... Pernicious anemia, Bypass ... BrighamChiefs #Vitamin ... Deficiency #Cobalamin #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism 
 • Possible Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... - Differential ... Granulomatous Disorders (eg ... tuberculosis) • Vitamin ... Osteolytic Metastasis, Vitamin
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... syndromes Excess vitamin ... Ingested or topical vitamin ... #Causes #Differential
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High PTH
LOW PTH - Hypoparathyroid
 - Congenital (Pediatric)
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... • Gastric bypass ... Vit-D degradation (eg ... laxatives) #Hypocalcemia ... #Differential #
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... Low PTH: • Elevated ... Cholecalciferol - Excess Vitamin ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... High PTH • Vitamin ... • Hereditary Vitamin ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia ... #Differential #
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... - Differential ... Hyperphosphatemia, Low ... Hypophosphatemia: Vitamin ... #Differential #
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... dietary intake - Vitamin ... Malabsorption syndrome - Vitamin ... Neck surgery - Low ... #Causes #Differential