18 results
Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Cobalamin
Decreased Intake
Pancreas: Insufficiency
Intestine: SIBO, Celiac disease, IBD, Lymphoma, Amyloidosis, Resection,
Causes of Vitamin ... B12 Deficiency ... Pernicious anemia, Bypass ... BrighamChiefs #Vitamin ... #Cobalamin #differential
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... - Differential ... D deficiency, CKD ... - Vitamin D deficiency ... #Workup #Differential
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
EKG Findings Causes ... Milk-alkali syndrome • Vitamin ... Electrocardiogram #Differential ... #Causes #Diagnosis ... #Cardiology
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... - Differential ... Hyperphosphatemia, Low ... Hypophosphatemia: Vitamin ... D Deficiency
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... High PTH • Vitamin ... D Deficiency (e.g ... • Hereditary Vitamin ... #Differential #
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... Low PTH: • Elevated ... Cholecalciferol - Excess Vitamin ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... dietary intake - Vitamin ... D deficiency ... Malabsorption syndrome - Vitamin ... #Causes #Differential
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
Causes of Low Vitamin ... vitamin B12 intake ... Transcobalamin II deficiency ... #VitaminB12 #deficiency ... #differential #
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Approach - MCV) Low ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin ... B12 deficiency, ... morphologic #mcv #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Hypo-Mg2+ • Vitamin ... • Pellagra • Vitamin ... D deficiency ... , K, Mg2+) • Slow ... Syndrome #Nutrition #Differential