9 results
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
on Urine Microscopy ... granular cast C. ... fine (f), coarse (c) ... appreciated at low ... #Clinical #Nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential ... • Central Dl (Low ... www.youtube.com/c/ ... #nephrology
Differential Diagnosis of Cyanosis
Peripheral cyanosis
  A. Low cardiac output states
  B. Environmental exposure (cold)
Differential Diagnosis ... of Cyanosis Peripheral ... exposure (cold) C. ... Anatomic shunts ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
temperatures below 37°C ... • They can cause ... Syndrome: • Clinical ... factor level • Low ... classification #rheumatology
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
Prolonged PT/PTT • Low ... antithrombin, protein C ... organ damage Clinical ... D-Dimer: ↑ • Peripheral ... Treat primary cause
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
originate from a low-grade ... Viral Infection Clinical ... titer of ≥64 at 4°C ... younger pts) Differential ... passage of red-brown urine
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
mental status and low ... urine output. ... Orthopnea/PND and Peripheral ... the determined cause ... #diagnosis #differential
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
tract, and often causes ... glomeruli, and peripheral ... myeloperoxidase (MPO) - (C-ANCA ... • Complement (Low ... #diagnosis #rheumatology
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
) Suspect: Clinical ... anti-Smith Ab, low ... permanent alopecia Differential ... edema, active urine ... Mononeuritis Multiplex • Peripheral