7 results
Urine Microscopy - Kidney Stones and Crystals 

Uric Acid, Cystine, Hippurate, Cloth Fiber, Tyrosine, CaOx, CaP,
Urine Microscopy ... - Kidney Stones ... and Crystals ... CaCO3: - Calcium carbonate ... Differential #Shapes #Diagnosis
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate ... Metabolic Alkalosis Urine ... Cl > 20 (Saline ... metabolic #alkalosis #algorithm ... #diagnosis
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic ... algorithm for hypokalemia ... urine Cl; • ... urine Cl; • ... Other medications
Medications causing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration: Diuretics
 • Altered intrarenal autoregulation: ACEIs / ARBs,
Medications causing ... Bactrim), NSAIDs • Crystal ... urinary sphincter tone ... #Drugs #pharmacology ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm - Transient ... Delirium/confusional states ... • Excessive urine ... anticholinergic medications
Nephrolithiasis: Medications Associated with Renal Stones
 • Hypercalciuria: Furosemide, Topiramate, Vitamin D/Calcium, Glucocorticoids
 • Precipitation of
Nephrolithiasis: Medications ... /metabolite in urine ... #Renal #Stones ... #pharmacology #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... insipidus • Kidney stones ... caused by Ca2+ crystals ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table