13 results
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate ... Cl > 20 (Saline ... Mineralocorticoid • Primary ... metabolic #alkalosis #algorithm ... #diagnosis
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Volume ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Volume ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... Red cell casts - Diagnostic ... - Some crystals ... disorders or excreted medications ... Microscopy #Atlas #key #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... Chloride Algorithm ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Urinary ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Causes of Altered Urine ... Conditions: urinary ... Conditions: Pseudomonas urinary ... Uric acid crystals ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Medications causing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration: Diuretics
 • Altered intrarenal autoregulation: ACEIs / ARBs,
Medications causing ... Bactrim), NSAIDs • Crystal ... contraction, and/or ↑ urinary ... #Drugs #pharmacology ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Causes of Urinary ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm - Transient ... • Excessive urine ... anticholinergic medications
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
UOP/weights - Urine ... Na/K/Cl/urea/protein ... pre-renal) - Urinary ... AKI #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic ... algorithm for hypokalemia ... urine Cl; • ... urine Cl; • ... Other medications