51 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... Red cell casts - Diagnostic ... - Some crystals ... disorders or excreted medications ... Microscopy #Atlas #key #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... Cystic fibrosis Cl ... due to acidosis-induced ... #differential #diagnosis
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Causes of Altered Urine ... Uric acid crystals ... Purple (Purple Urine ... #Altered #Urine ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Drug Induced Kidney Injury
 • Pre-Renal: NSAIDS, CNI, ACEI/ARB, IL-2 therapy, Diuretics CAR-T therapy
 • Osmotic
Drug Induced Kidney ... Contrast agents • Crystal ... Disease: Drug induced ... #differential #diagnosis ... algorithm #nephrology #Medications
Medications causing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration: Diuretics
 • Altered intrarenal autoregulation: ACEIs / ARBs,
Medications causing ... Bactrim), NSAIDs • Crystal ... Kidney #Injury #Medications ... #Drugs #pharmacology ... #differential #diagnosis
Stress Dose Steroids - Indications and Dosing

SUPPRESSED HPA AXIS:
 prednisone >20mg/day x 3 weeks or more
Dose Steroids - Indications ... StressDose #Steroids #Indications ... Endocrinology #Diagnosis ... #Management #Pharmacology
Hyperkalemic Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 4 - 

Failure to acidify urine in collecting duct
Failure to acidify urine ... collecting duct due to reduced ... Either due to - Reduced ... #Hyperkalemic #Diagnosis ... #Management #Nephrology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced ... #differential #diagnosis ... pathophysiology #pharmacology ... #potassium #medications
The Urine / Plasma Electrolyte Ratio - Guide to Fluid Restriction in Hyponatremia
 • U/P Ratio
The Urine / Plasma ... FR < 1000 mL + Medication ... MD @NephroMD #Urine ... #Hyponatremia #diagnosis ... #management #nephrology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic ... urine Cl; • ... urine Cl; • ... Other medications ... #hypokalemia #diagnosis