17 results
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
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Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate ... Metabolic Alkalosis Urine ... Cl > 20 (Saline ... metabolic #alkalosis #algorithm ... #diagnosis
Urine Microscopy - Kidney Stones and Crystals 

Uric Acid, Cystine, Hippurate, Cloth Fiber, Tyrosine, CaOx, CaP,
Urine Microscopy ... Kidney Stones and Crystals ... CaCO3: - Calcium carbonate ... @Neph_Sim #Urine ... Differential #Shapes #Diagnosis
Urine Microscopy Crystals
Uric Acid crystals:
 - Formation promoted by acidic urine
 - Seen in tumor lysis
Urine Microscopy ... Crystals Uric Acid ... crystals: - Formation ... - Diagnostic of ... #comparison #table
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Volume ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
corresponding urine ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology ... #Urine #Microscopy ... Kidney #Stones #Crystals ... Composition #Shapes #Table
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Volume ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... Cl - Non-reabsorbable ... Cl - Loop diuretics ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Cl- responsive ... Kidney loss of Cl ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Normal ... (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate ... Loss (Negative urine ... #Algorithm #Causes
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic ... algorithm for hypokalemia ... urine Cl; • ... urine Cl; • ... #differential #algorithm