10 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... Cl-: Vomiting, ... (late) • High Urine ... Primary #Metabolic #Alkalosis
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... Cl-: Vomiting, ... (late) • High Urine ... aldosteronism #Metabolic #Alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Chloride Algorithm Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... • Loss of Cl- ... Cystic fibrosis Cl
Urine Microscopy Crystals
Uric Acid crystals:
 - Formation promoted by acidic urine
 - Seen in tumor lysis
Urine Microscopy ... Crystals Uric Acid ... crystals: - Formation ... promoted by acidic urine ... #comparison #table
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Likely Metabolic Alkalosis ... Urine CI < 20 ... Volume Contraction Urine ... Cl > 20 (Saline ... Elevated #metabolic #alkalosis
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
corresponding urine ... Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine ... Kidney #Stones #Crystals ... Composition #Shapes #Table
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... Cl-: Vomiting, ... (late) • High Urine ... escape #Metabolic #Alkalosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... caused by Ca2+ crystals ... #Medications #Table
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Elevated Renin Urine ... Fractional excretion of Cl
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management
Methanol intoxication:
 • Accidental or intentional ingestion of adulterated
Calcium oxalate crystals ... in urine, monohydrate ... toxicology #comparison #table