8 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... horsfall protein indicating ... - Some crystals ... may indicate metabolic
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
there a dialysis indication ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... , RBCs, casts, crystals ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Diagnosis and Workup ... Blood Work: - ... Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic ... Elevated Renin Urine ... Fractional excretion of Cl
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... Hypertension - Workup ... with previously stable ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... Differential #Diagnosis #indications
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... test (with 24-h urine ... Acromegaly #Secondary ... Causes #Screening #Workup ... #table
Rheumatology Workup - Laboratories Studies in Rheumatic Diseases

• Septic arthritis - Gram stain and culture of
Rheumatology Workup ... intracellular urate crystals ... pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals ... protein) to exclude metabolic ... • Serum and urine
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... caused by Ca2+ crystals ... #Pharmacology #Medications ... #Table
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... reabsorption) Workup ... lysis) ± Urine ... Elimination (see Table ... STOP offending medications