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diagnosis management neurology differential rheumatology aids hiv infections meningitis associated brain crypto cryptococcal dementia disorder encephalitis erythematosus hand hematology hemophagocytic
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
→Activation of CD8 ... IFN-y) → Excessive activation ... accumulation of clinical ... Assessment • Clinical ... : fever +++, hepatosplenomegaly
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections: •
infections result from reactivation ... should be based on clinical ... • Symptoms: Fever ... • Symptoms: Fever ... - Generally >3 cm
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) What? A subset of
Macrophage Activation ... syndromes Clinical ... is the main clinical ... nervous system (CNS ... 5000 to 10,000 ng/mL
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) Definition: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories: • Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment • Mild neurocognitive impairment • HIV dementia Pathophysiology: HIV frequently
impairment • Mild ... and infects the CNS ... -> microglial activation ... Clinical Presentation ... : The clinical
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Viral Encephalitis: MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... Powassan, louping ill ... • Headache • Fever ... • Common clinical ... meningeal signs (fever
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) Suspect: Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
) Suspect: Clinical ... weight loss, and fever ... and CNS • Headache ... , mild cognitive ... Chronic B-cell activation
Transverse Myelitis Overview Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
• Excessive activation ... that results in CNS ... Transverse Myelitis - Clinical ... - Pleocytosis: Mild ... , HIV, Hep A/B/CMV
SEPSIS AND SEPTIC SHOCK DEFINITION AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY • Sepsis: Life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host
cytokines, complement activation ... CLINICAL RECOGNITION ... in any acutely ill ... • Symptoms: Fever ... CLINICAL FEATURES
Cryptococcal meningitis on T2 MRI 30 M from sub-Saharan Africa presents w/ progressive Headache x1 mo, +neck
low glucose) CNS ... are common but fever ... half. absence of fever ... is typically 20 ml ... T2 #MRI #Brain #clinical
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