45 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Defects Fanconi Syndrome ... tubule Bartter Syndrome ... #Localization #Nephron ... #Defects #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
Mechanisms of nephron ... in cardiorenal syndrome ... #cardiorenal #syndrome ... #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Localizing Extraocular Movement Disorders
 • CN Ill (Oculomotor) Nerve Palsy 
 • CN IV (Trochlear) Nerve
Nerve Palsy • CN ... Nerve palsy • CN ... One-and-a-half Syndrome ... #Localization #ophthalmology ... #neurology #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... delivery to distal nephron ... #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
BEE Syndromes - ... nervous system (CNS ... • Sjögren syndrome ... #neurology #inflammatory ... #differential #
Differential diagnoses for the neuro-ophthalmologic finding of diplopia.
Neoplastic: 
 • Intraorbital meningioma 
 • Pituitary adenoma
Differential diagnoses ... for the neuro-ophthalmologic ... Miller-Fisher syndrome ... #Diplopia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #Ophthalmology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... • Central Cord Syndrome ... and lower motor neuron ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #orthopedics #neurology
Anisocoria Evaluation Flow Chart - Differential Diagnosis
1. Check pupillary reaction to light 
2. Measure pupil size.
Evaluation Flow Chart - Differential ... - Horner's Syndrome ... Anisocoria - CN ... Evaluation #Algorithm #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Ophthalmology
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... Young females Differential ... Diagnosis: • CN ... #PhysicalExam #neurology ... #ophthalmology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
CNS Ring-Enhancing ... Diagnosis- Compatible syndrome ... + toxo IgG • CNS ... Lesions #Brain #differential ... causes #radiology #neurology