9 results
Hypoxemia / Hypoxia - Rapid Response Management Algorithm

Stridor - Upper airway pathology:
 • Anaphylaxis
 • Foreign
pneumothorax, COPD ... asthma • Pleural disease ... 12 / shallow breathing ... Hypoventilation: • CNS ... compliance (e.g., flail
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
/0.8)] - PaO2 Normal ... Hypoventilation: CNS ... Wall Elasticity (flail ... Obstructive Lung Disease ... , Interstitial Disease
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal A-a Gradient ... Hypoventilation: CNS ... neuromuscular disease ... #pulmonary #Aa
Causes of Pulmonary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
 • Idiopathic
 • Associated with:
Causes of Pulmonary ... Pulmonary Arterial ... Hypoxemia: • COPD ... Sleep-Disordered Breathing ... #Causes
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
restrictive lung disease ... In lung disease ... bronchitis, and COPD ... #Pulmonary #Abnormalities ... #PhysicalExam
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Warm Extremities
 - Distributive Shock - Low JVP
• Neurogenic Cold ... Left-sided Valvular Disease ... Obstructive Shock - Normal ... Sounds • Pulmonary ... #causes
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic inflammation causes ... Most Common Causes ... obstruction • COPD ... , in advanced disease ... - BAR >1.0 is abnormal
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acetazolamide Causes ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... acidosis: - CNS ... restrictive lung disease ... (COPD, OSA, Asthma
Causes of Hypotonic Infant (Floppy Newborn) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Central Nervous System - Decreased LOC, Axial
Causes of Hypotonic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hemorrhage • CNS ... Syndromes - Spinal Cord ... #Causes #Peds #