12 results
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... (Asthma, COPD) ... • Pulmonary Arterial ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypoxemia / Hypoxia - Rapid Response Management Algorithm

Stridor - Upper airway pathology:
 • Anaphylaxis
 • Foreign
Response Management Algorithm ... pneumothorax, COPD ... asthma • Pleural disease ... 12 / shallow breathing ... Hypoventilation: • CNS
Causes of Pulmonary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
 • Idiopathic
 • Associated with:
Causes of Pulmonary ... Pulmonary Arterial ... and/or Hypoxemia ... : • COPD • Interstitial ... Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Gradient #alveolar #arterial ... #pulmonary #Hypoxia
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
• Sub-Valvular Disease ... Coronary Artery Disease ... Acute Coronary Syndrome ... Arrhythmia • Atrial ... • Asthma • COPD
Factors that May Affect Fetal Oxygenation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Excessive Uterine Activity:
 • Hyperstimulation
 • Placental
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Decreased Maternal Arterial ... • Respiratory disease ... Antiphospholipid syndrome ... #Oxygenation #Hypoxia
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
consider infarction, hypoxia ... hyperventilation syndrome—a ... bronchitis, and COPD ... #Pulmonary #Abnormalities ... Abnormal #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Interstitial lung diseases ... direction leads to hypoxemia ... Pneumonia, asthma, COPD ... hepatopulmonary syndrome ... shunting (eg, atrial
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic cough • Hypoxia ... obstruction • COPD ... • Mounier-Kuhn syndrome ... , in advanced disease ... CT) • Broncho-arterial
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... acidosis: - CNS ... restrictive lung disease ... (COPD, OSA, Asthma