58 results
Atrial Fibrillation Overview

Symptoms:
Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

1. Why?
Cardiac:
• Valvular heart disease
•
Atrial Fibrillation ... exercise intolerance, chest ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... #Fibrillation #Cardiology ... #Management #Algorithm
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
of Hypoxemia- Differential ... • Pulmonary Arterial ... Defect ** • Atrial ... Abnormalities • Chest ... Hypoxemia #Hypoxia #Differential
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
Multifocal Atrial ... to chronic lung disease ... • Hypoxia • Pulmonary ... #Multifocal #Atrial ... Tachycardia #MAT #Cardiology
Causes of Palpitations
 • ARRHYTHMiA 
 • SINUS ARRYTHMIA 
 • ATRIAL FIBRILLATION 
 • ATRIAL
ARRYTHMIA • ATRIAL ... FIBRILLATION • ATRIAL ... PHAEOCHROMOCYTOMA • PULMONARY ... Palpitations #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Clues to Differential Diagnosis of Central Cyanosis: Onset of cyanosis, Clubbing, Secondary erythrocytosis, Auscultation, X-ray, Echocardiography,
Clues to Differential ... Echocardiography, Arterial ... heart defect - Pulmonary ... diseases - Pulmonary ... Diagnosis #Central #Cardiology
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Hypoxemia Differential ... Hypoventilation: CNS ... neuromuscular disease ... , ↓ chest wall compliance ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #pulmonary
Highlighted Conditions With Arteritis or Periarteritis of the Coronaries
Takayasu's arteritis:
 - Onset < 40 yrs
 -
sinusitis - pulmonary ... IgG4-related disease ... osteosclerosis) - Right atrial ... Coronaries #Arteritis #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS ... Obstructive Lung Disease ... , Interstitial Disease ... Gradient #alveolar #arterial ... #hypoxemia #differential
Abnormal Jugular Venous Pressure Waveforms - Differential Diagnosis
 - Absent a wave - Atrial fibrillation, sinus
Pressure Waveforms - Differential ... myxoma, pulmonary ... Waveforms #JVP #Differential ... #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam ... #cardiology
Hypoxemia / Hypoxia - Rapid Response Management Algorithm

Stridor - Upper airway pathology:
 • Anaphylaxis
 • Foreign
Rapid Response Management ... asthma • Pleural disease ... Hypoventilation: • CNS ... Hypoxemia #Hypoxia #differential ... #Diagnosis #Management