14 results
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
Multifocal Atrial ... Secondary to chronic lung ... disease (COPD) ... • Hypoxia • Pulmonary ... Tachycardia #MAT #Cardiology
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
(HPS) HPS-differential ... Diseases of the ... lung parenchyma ... Alveolar-arterial ... Syndrome #HPS #hepatology
Right-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac Causes - Rule out Left-Sided Heart Failure (Most Common):
Heart Failure - Differential ... Diffuse Lung Disease ... Arterial Hypertension ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology ... #Differential #
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS ... Embolism, Obstructive Lung ... , Interstitial Lung ... Gradient #alveolar #arterial ... #hypoxemia #differential
Hypoxemia / Hypoxia - Rapid Response Management Algorithm

Stridor - Upper airway pathology:
 • Anaphylaxis
 • Foreign
Rapid Response Management ... asthma • Pleural disease ... atelectasis • Lung ... Hypoventilation: • CNS ... Hypoxemia #Hypoxia #differential
It is very important to differentiate between acute consolidation and chronic consolidation, because it will limit
In chronic disease ... - Lung neoplasms ... proteinaceous material ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CXR
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
absence of intrinsic lung ... cycles after right atrial ... cirrhosis • Intra-pulmonary ... on radioactive lung ... #treatment #hepatology
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with portal hypertension
No other obvious causes (chronic
causes (chronic lung ... disease, left heart ... ventricular size, Right atrial ... Hypertension #diagnosis #management ... #hepatology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
life-threatening diseases ... Inflammatory eye disease ... sparing of the lung ... blood retum in serial ... #diagnosis #management
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
verrucous) • Lung ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Cerebral > Splenic, pulmonary ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... #cardiology