39 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... (HPS) HPS-differential ... Diseases of the ... lung parenchyma ... Alveolar-arterial
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... , Interstitial Lung ... #arterial #pulmonary ... Hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential
It is very important to differentiate between acute consolidation and chronic consolidation, because it will limit
In chronic disease ... - Lung neoplasms ... proteinaceous material ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CXR
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
of Hypoxemia- Differential ... • Interstitial lung ... diseasePulmonary ... Defect ** • Atrial ... Hypoventilation Syndrome
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
Multifocal Atrial ... Secondary to chronic lung ... disease (COPD) ... • Hypoxia • Pulmonary ... Tachycardia #MAT #Cardiology
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Respiratory Failure - Differential ... obesity-hypoventilation syndrome ... diseases, pulmonary ... hepatopulmonary syndrome ... shunting (eg, atrial
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal ... : Diffuse alveolar ... symptomatology Differential ... Bronchoscopy with serial ... #differential #
Hypoxemia / Hypoxia - Rapid Response Management Algorithm

Stridor - Upper airway pathology:
 • Anaphylaxis
 • Foreign
Blood: diffuse alveolar ... asthma • Pleural disease ... atelectasis • Lung ... Hypoventilation: • CNS ... Hypoxemia #Hypoxia #differential
Right-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac Causes - Rule out Left-Sided Heart Failure (Most Common):
Heart Failure - Differential ... Diffuse Lung Disease ... Respiratory Distress Syndrome ... Arterial Hypertension ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
Ground-glass opacity
Ground-glass opacity (GGO) represents:
- Filling of the alveolar spaces with pus, edema, hemorrhage, inflammation or
result of air space disease ... or interstitial lung ... disease (i.e. fibrosis ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... #GroundGlass #Differential