181 results
Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
• Cushing’s syndrome ... Hyperthyroidism CNS ... /agitation • CNS ... • Serotonin syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Secondary causes of Hypertension
 • Medications, Drugs, Chemo: NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI, Alcohol, Cocaine, OCP, Licorice, MAOI,
of Hypertension ... NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI ... Primary Renal Disease ... : Thyroid disease ... #Hypertension #
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Secondary Causes ... Renal Parenchymal Diseases ... • Nephritic syndrome ... Excess: • Conn's syndrome ... Licorice • Liddle's syndrome
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
and Secondary Causes ... Secondary Causes ... • Renovascular disease ... excess (Cushing syndrome ... or disease)
Clinical Manifestations of Serotonin Syndrome
 • Ophthalmologic: Mydriasis, Ocular clonus (slow horizontal movements)
 • Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea,
Manifestations of Serotonin Syndrome ... Diaphresis, flushing • CNS ... Cardiovascular and vital sign ... Tachycardia, Fever, Hypertension ... Symptoms #spectrum #signs
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
nervous system (CNS ... and less common diseases ... Inflammatory causes ... Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease ... polychondritis • Behcet disease
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Hypertension. t ... RBC casts in urine ... #Glomerular #Diseases
Pemberton's Sign caused by a Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Elevating the arms causes the previously flat neck veins
Pemberton's Sign ... caused by a Retrosternal ... Elevating the arms causes ... #Pembertons #Sign ... Thyroid #Goiter #PhysicalExam
Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic:
 • Portal vein thrombosis
 • Splenic
Causes of Ascites ... • Infiltrative disease ... • Budd-Chiari syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Algorithm #Hepatology #causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and signs of end-organ ... renal bruit or signs ... Renal parenchymal disease ... White-coat syndrome ... Guillain-Barre Syndrome