30 results
Causes of Orthopnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

 • Fear and Anxiety
 • Pleural Effusion
 • Ascites
of Orthopnea - Differential ... Noncardiogenic pulmonary ... manipulation - CNS ... MS, Polio - PNS ... #Orthopnea #Differential
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Dyspnea - Differential ... - Tamponade Pulmonary ... Barre - ALS - Transverse ... #dyspnea #sob #differential ... diagnosis #causes #pulmonary
Hoover's sign on Physical Exam
Paradoxical retraction of the lower intercostal spaces on inspiration
Pulmonary hyperinflation → flattening
on inspiration Pulmonary ... decreases the transverse ... Hoovers #sign #PhysicalExam ... #Respiratory #pulmonary
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Hypoxemia Differential ... Hypoventilation: CNS ... Hypoxemia #Hypoxia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #pulmonary
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Hyponatremia - Differential ... the lung) - CNS ... hemorrhage) - Pulmonary ... #Hyponatremia #Differential
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Stress, Nausea, Pulmonary ... Diseases, CNS Disease ... #Hyponatremia #Differential
Hypoxemia / Hypoxia - Rapid Response Management Algorithm

Stridor - Upper airway pathology:
 • Anaphylaxis
 • Foreign
pneumonia • Water: pulmonary ... Hypoventilation: • CNS ... Hypoxemia #Hypoxia #differential ... Algorithm #rapid #pulmonary
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS ... Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... V/Q Mismatch: Pulmonary ... , Atelectasis, Pulmonary ... Hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis
The percentage of syncopal events secondary to arrhythmias or structural disease is generally
Syncope - Differential ... Drug induced • ANS ... stenosis • HOCM • Pulmonary ... 2% #syncope #differential
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
Transverse Myelitis ... Pathophysiology of Transverse ... that results in CNS ... Immune Mediated Transverse ... management #neurology #differential