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CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... • Common clinical ... are common • CSF ... CSF Analysis: ... • CSF-lactate
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Clinical Features ... Diagnosis: • CSF ... : - CSF PROTEIN ... - NORMAL CSF ... #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
temporal evolution, CSF ... Antimicrobial treatment ... hemorrhage • CSF ... cystic lesions • CSF ... comparable to CSF
CSF Penetration of Antimicrobials

Despite the poor CSF penetration, beta-lactams have the most research documenting successful treatment
CSF Penetration ... Despite the poor CSF ... levels in the CSF ... twitter.com/foamid #CSF ... Antimicrobials #InfectiousDiseases
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
- Elevated CSF ... with a normal CSF ... Of note, normal CSF ... and cauda equina TREATMENT ... diagnosis #management #neurology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
without other cause ... : Age>60, CKD, CHF ... failure, positive fluid ... , and CXR with pulmonary ... hematology #diagnosis #comparison
Blastomycosis Summary

Pathogen: 
 • Dimorphic fungus - Blastomyces dermatitidis or Blastomyces gilchristii.
 • The fungus lives
The Disease: • Pulmonary ... (1%): Meningitis ... sputum, pleural fluid ... , BAL, CSF, urine ... #infectiousdiseases
Cryptococcal meningitis on T2 MRI
30 M from sub-Saharan Africa presents w/ progressive Headache x1 mo, +neck
Csf opening pressure ... low glucose) CNS ... of prior silent pulmonary ... Standard treatment ... T2 #MRI #Brain #clinical
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
has five major clinical ... especially the CNS ... MC: CNS CSF: • ... India ink prep CSF ... ) #Mycoses #InfectiousDiseases