28 results
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Hypercalcemia Low ... PTHrP: - Low ... Drugs, Endocrine disorders ... Algorithm #Workup #nephrology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential ... , Infiltrative disorders ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... Hypocalcemia #Workup #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Appropriately Low ... GI Absorption: Chronic ... Carboxymaltose, CAR-T ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Malabsorption, Chronic ... • Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
Tracts Involvement: Chronic ... T1 High Signal: Chronic ... Globi Pallidi T2 Low ... #Clinical #Differential ... Diagnosis #Radiology #Neurology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... consumption • Low ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Chronic Hypertension:
 • Guidelines as SBP ≥130 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg
 •
Hypertensive Disorders ... patients • HELLP: Syndrome ... liver enzymes, Low ... #Hypertensive #Disorders ... obstetrics #cardiology #differential
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
Immunodeficiency disorder ... Autoimmunity • Chronic ... : • Nephrotic syndrome ... Malignancies • Chronic ... (Epstein-Barr syndrome
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Acute or chronic ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... #AcidBase #disorders ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Secondary Amenorrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Absence of menses for more than 3 cycles or
Secondary Amenorrhea - Differential ... normal prolactin, chaotic ... progesterone challenge, Low ... FSH, Low estrogen ... Functional (e.g. eating disorder