12 results
Lupus Nephritis Primer
Class I - Minimal Mesangial
Class II - Mesangial Proliferative
Class Ill - Focal Proliferative
Class IV
Lupus Nephritis ... Nephritis #SLE #Classification ... #Classes #differential ... #diagnosis #management ... #nephrology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... Causes of Hyporeflexia ... Hyperreflexia #Testing ... #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Differential Diagnosis ... Complex: Systemic lupus ... Disease-specific testing ... , anti-CCP • CXR ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
- Differential Diagnosis ... type 4) - Salt wasting ... Low #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) 
 - Loss of kidney function over a short period of tirne
IgA nephropathy, lupus ... anti-proteinase 3 (CPR ... Glomerulonephritis #RPGN #Classification ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Familial renal Mg wasting ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney K wasting ... from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
• Most common cause ... Putrid sputum/sour-tasting ... Blood cultures • CXR ... early disease) • CXR ... #differential #causes
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... symptoms are not caused ... e.g. incidental CXR ... Self-limiting, chronic but stable ... skin (16-32%): lupus
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Management Summary Causes ... ) • AKI: BUN/Cr ... #Management #causes ... #treatment #nephrology