11 results
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
I, type II - ... transplant - SLE High ... Renin - Primary ... Ketoconazole Low ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... and 2, but not type ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... Block K+ channels (primarily ... receptors, and Ca ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Ca++ influx to ... Vaughan Williams Classification ... Block K+ channels (primarily ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... of stones: • Urinary ... overproduction • Low ... solubility: • Low ... Hypocitraturia • RTA Type
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
are present • Classic ... B-Cell ~90% • Low ... age range • High ... Lymphoproliferative #Disorders #Classification ... #pathophysiology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... diuresis can be high ... water intake (Primary ... polydipsia), Low ... differential #diagnosis #table
Aortoenteric Fistula - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
• Uncommon but life-threatening
• Most common site of bowel connection
/Symptoms: • Classic ... diagnosis requires high ... Pathophysiology: ... • Primary AEF ... patients with a high
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
ASA class If ... high risk > 1% risk ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... Orthopedic • Low ... What is the type
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... Primary adrenal ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... Differential #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification