11 results
Microorganisms Responsible for Infective Endocarditis

Native valves:
 - Streptococcus viridans 
 - Enterococci 
 - Other streptococci
Gram-negative bacilli - Fungi ... (Candida, Aspergillus ... Histoplasma) - Culture ... streptococci - Culture ... Pathogens #Diagnosis #Differential
Morphology and Descriptions of Fungal Infections with Hyphae or Pseudohyphae in Tissues
Yeasts with Pseudohyphae: 
 •
Consistent with Candida ... spp. however Aspergillus ... other hyaline fungi ... #microbiology #differential ... septations #pathology #atlas
Causes of Culture Negative Abscess - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Consider prior antibiotics as a cause of a
Negative Abscess ... - Differential ... Scedosporium, endemic fungi ... #Negative #Abscess ... #Differential #
Causes of blood culture negative infective endocarditis

Bartonella spp, Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia spp, Tropheryma whipplei,
Causes of blood culture ... Tropheryma whipplei, Fungi ... (Aspergillus, Candida ... BCNIE #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #causes #culture
Morphology and Descriptions of Endemic Fungal Infections with Yeasts in Tissues
Broad-based budding yeasts:
 • Description: Broad-based
other hyaline fungi ... with dematiaceous fungi ... yeasts #fungal #fungi ... #microbiology #differential ... morphology #pathology #atlas
Morphology and Descriptions of Endemic Fungal Infections with Yeasts in Tissues
Broad-based budding yeasts:
 • Description: Broad-based
Coccidioides spp, Candida ... Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus ... pathology #clinical #atlas ... #fungi #microbiology ... #differential #
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
fastidious bacteria or fungi ... Tropheryma whipplei, Fungi ... (Aspergillus, Candida ... bacteria) and 18S ( fungi ... Endocarditis #diagnosis #differential
Important Fungal Stains
Mycology Lab:
 • Calcofluor white - Fluorochrome that binds glucans and chitin in fungal
preparation from culture ... cell response to fungi ... exceptions are Aspergillus ... #microbiology #microscopy ... #fungus #comparison
Fungal Biomarkers: Beta-D-Glucan and Aspergillus Galactomannan
Beta-D-Glucan:
 • Polysaccharide cell wall component of many fungi
 • Pathogens:
component of many fungi ... • Pathogens: Candida ... BAL GM does not differentiate ... closely related fungi ... Galactomannan #diagnosis #comparison
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Hypercoagulable (APLAS ... 90% of IE cases Culture ... Tropheryma Whipplei • Aspergillus ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... • Blood cultures