9 results
Microorganisms Responsible for Infective Endocarditis

Native valves:
 - Streptococcus viridans 
 - Enterococci 
 - Other streptococci
bacilli - Fungi ... (Candida, Aspergillus ... Histoplasma) - Culture ... bacilli - Fungi ... Pathogens #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of blood culture negative infective endocarditis

Bartonella spp, Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia spp, Tropheryma whipplei,
culture negative ... Tropheryma whipplei, Fungi ... (Aspergillus, Candida ... #differential # ... #culture #negative
Causes of Culture Negative Abscess - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Consider prior antibiotics as a cause of a
Causes of Culture ... Negative Abscess ... of a negative culture ... Scedosporium, endemic fungi ... #Negative #Abscess
Transplant Infections Timeline
Pre-transplant:
 • Common bacteria (endogenous): Staphylococci (skin), Gram-negative bacilli (gut)
 • Viruses: HSV (reactivation)
Engraftment:
: Candida spp. ... (mucosa), Aspergillus ... : Aspergillus spp ... Infections #Timeline #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
Blood Culture-Negative ... remain negative ... but important causes ... (Aspergillus, Candida ... Endocarditis #diagnosis #differential
Important Fungal Stains
Mycology Lab:
 • Calcofluor white - Fluorochrome that binds glucans and chitin in fungal
preparation from culture ... exceptions are Aspergillus ... • India ink - "Negative ... #microbiology #microscopy ... #fungus #comparison
Fungal Biomarkers: Beta-D-Glucan and Aspergillus Galactomannan
Beta-D-Glucan:
 • Polysaccharide cell wall component of many fungi
 • Pathogens:
component of many fungi ... • Pathogens: Candida ... Coccidioides - Negative ... BAL GM does not differentiate ... Galactomannan #diagnosis #comparison
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Hypercoagulable (APLAS ... • Coagulase-negative ... Tropheryma Whipplei • Aspergillus ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
- Overview and Differential ... Hypercoagulable (APLAS ... aureus, Coagulase-negative ... Negative: • Bartonella ... Tropheryma Whipplei • Aspergillus