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Causes of blood culture negative infective endocarditis

Bartonella spp, Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia spp, Tropheryma whipplei,
Tropheryma whipplei, Fungi ... (Aspergillus, Candida ... , these bacteria ... #differential #diagnosis ... #BCNIE #cardiology
Microorganisms Responsible for Infective Endocarditis

Native valves:
 - Streptococcus viridans 
 - Enterococci 
 - Other streptococci
bacilli - Fungi ... (Candida, Aspergillus ... bacilli - Fungi ... #Endocarditis #Bacteria ... #Pathogens #Diagnosis
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
Blood Culture-Negative ... remain negative ... (Aspergillus, Candida ... BCNIE Diagnostic ... #Endocarditis #diagnosis
Transplant Infections Timeline
Pre-transplant:
 • Common bacteria (endogenous): Staphylococci (skin), Gram-negative bacilli (gut)
 • Viruses: HSV (reactivation)
Engraftment:
Staphylococci (skin), Gram-negative ... : Candida spp. ... (mucosa), Aspergillus ... : Aspergillus spp ... #differential #diagnosis
My Patient with Infective Endocarditis (IE) Has Negative Blood Cultures
 - Did they receive antibiotics prior
have a fastidious bacteria ... this be a non-bacterial ... Fungal (Histoplasma/Aspergillus ... patient a surgical candidate ... BloodCultures #Diagnosis
Important Fungal Stains
Mycology Lab:
 • Calcofluor white - Fluorochrome that binds glucans and chitin in fungal
preparation from culture ... exceptions are Aspergillus ... • India ink - "Negative ... #microbiology #microscopy ... #staining #diagnosis
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Hypercoagulable (APLAS ... • Coagulase-negative ... Tropheryma Whipplei • Aspergillus ... • Persistent bacteremia ... #management #cardiology
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Hypercoagulable (APLAS ... Negative: • Bartonella ... Tropheryma Whipplei • Aspergillus ... • Persistent bacteremia ... #cardiology #infectiousdiseases
Causes of Myocarditis 
1. Infectious Myocarditis
 • Bacterial - Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Meningococcus, Gonococcus, Salmonella, Corynebacterium
Myocarditis • Bacterial ... ) • Fungal - Aspergillus ... , Blastomyces, Candida ... #differential #diagnosis ... #cardiology