247 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... , NGT suction, Low ... (late) • High Urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
hyperaldosteronism • Low ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... , NGT suction, Low ... (late) • High Urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Familial: Bartter syndrome ... and Gitelman syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia - Acquired: Medications ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndromes ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Possible Causes ... of Altered Urine ... Purple (Purple Urine ... #Altered #Urine ... Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
WBCs, or urine ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... , Medications Intra-Renal ... Protein) • AIN: Medication ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Low-normal EABV ... , Low Plasma HCO3 ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... Plasma HCO3- • Low ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology