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The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions.
These include:
- Emphysema
-
These include: - Emphysema ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... Differential #Diagram #Comparison ... #SignetRing #RadiologyAssistant
Upper lung zone preference is seen in:
- Inhaled particles: pneumoconiosis (silica or coal)
- Smoking related diseases
(centrilobular emphysema ... - Aspiration - Pulmonary ... edema #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #HRCT ... #Upper #Lower #RadiologyAssistant
Low Attenuation pattern 
1. Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM): uniform cysts in woman of child-bearing age; no history of
Centrilobular emphysema ... #Clinical #Radiology ... Cystic #Pattern #Comparison ... #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Differential diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Nodular LCH:
- Sarcoidosis: perilymphatic distribution.
- Metastases: random distribution.
Cystic LCH:
- LAM: round
Centrilobular emphysema ... central dot. - LIP #Clinical ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Differential #Comparison ... #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Low Attenuation pattern (2) 
1. Centrilobular emphysema: low attenuation areas without walls. Notice the centrilobular artery
Centrilobular emphysema ... #Clinical #Radiology ... Cystic #Pattern #Comparison ... #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Cavities frequently arise within a mass or an area of consolidation as a result of necrosis.
We
without associated pulmonary ... emphysema. ... #Clinical #Diagnosis ... #Radiology #CTChest ... #Comparison #RadiologyAssistant
On the left three different patients with lung cysts.
From left to right: Lymphangiomyomatosis, LIP and Langerhans
#Clinical #Diagnosis ... #Radiology #CTChest ... #Cystic #Comparison ... Histiocytosis #RadiologyAssistant
Notice the cavitation especially on the right.
In the left upper lobe there is probably some traction-bronchiectasis
#Clinical #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... TractionBronchiectasis #RadiologyAssistant
On the left a patient who had a CT to rule out pulmonary embolism.
There is a
CT to rule out pulmonary ... was cardiogenic pulmonary ... #Clinical #Radiology ... SeptalThickening #CHF #RadiologyAssistant
Here are the most common examples of these four patterns on a chest x-ray (click image
mass - Solitary Pulmonary ... Atelectasis #Diagnosis #Clinical ... #Radiology #CXR ... Consolidation #Patterns #RadiologyAssistant