13 results
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
CNS Infection in ... • IRIS might ... and <25% culture positive ... patients with IRIS ... #HIV #CNS #Infections
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
desaturation, Scotoma, Ocular ... facial numbness), Encephalopathy ... pain • Extra-CNS ... complications (AQP4-positive ... #symptoms #signs
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... (IRIS): • In HIV ... lesion Tuberculous Encephalopathy ... and not direct infection ... or abruptly • CN
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome - Overview of IRIS

What Is IRIS?
	• A state of hyperinflammatory response that
Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... pleural effusions, CNS ... skin lesions, ocular ... Zoster flare, ocular ... Differential #Diagnosis #Management
13 Dangerous Causes of Headache:
 - subarachnoid hemorrhage: family history, PCKD, known berry aneurysm, sudden and
hypertension - CNS ... immunocompromise, CNS ... head in dependent position ... thrombophilia, neurologic ... - hypertensive encephalopathy
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... • Hypertensive encephalopathy ... brain lesion • CNS ... infection (e.g.
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
skin injury) • Neurologic ... symptoms (headache ... Skin lesions • Positive ... #diagnosis #management ... #signs #symptoms
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ... may precede the neurologic ... Neurological symptoms ... Diagnosis: • Infection ... #management #neurology
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
especially the CNS ... MC: CNS CSF: • ... osteoarticular, pulmonary, ocular ... have positive blood ... Fungal #Diagnosis #Management
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
and infects the CNS ... Classic HIV Encephalopathy ... • Depressive symptoms ... The clinical syndrome ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology