109 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Algorithm - Urinary Chloride ... suction, Congenital chloride ... - Normal/low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... causes #urinary #chloride
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... use The urine chloride ... Urine chloride is
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... causes #potassium #low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... Renin-secreting tumor • Low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... Renin-secreting tumor • Low
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Decreased Intake: • Low ... - Bartter - Gitelman ... • Fatigue Chloride ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology #Chloride
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride ... thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... • Congenital chloride
Hyperacute Hypoxemia - Workup and Management
Differential Diagnosis: Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary Edema, Mucous Plugging, Bronchospasm, Pulmonary Embolism,
edema), Lung Exam, POCUS ... Oxygen Therapy: • Low ... Flow • Reservoir ... • High Flow
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High Al, Low ... Renin-secreting tumor • Low ... Al, Low R - Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... nephrology #causes #low