34 results
Causes of Biliary Dilatation - Differential Diagnosis
 • Physiological: ↑ Age, Cholecystectomy, Opioid dependence, Post-sphincterotomy
 •
Causes of Biliary ... Dilatation - Differential ... Physiological: ↑ Age, Cholecystectomy ... Dilatation #causes #differential ... diagnosis #hepatology #gastroenterology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Serum Osmolarity 2) ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Hypernatremia Differential ... history Step #2 ... Hypernatremia #Management ... #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
Acute Pancreatitis - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Presentation: 
 • Epigastric abdominal pain (90%, characteristically
Diagnosis (2 ... presentation 2) ... • Imaging: US (biliary ... consider ERCP + cholecystectomy ... #Treatment #Gastroenterology
Complications of Gallstones - Cholelithiasis
1. Biliary colic
2. Cholecystitis
3. Mucocele
4. Empyema
5. Fistula
6. Perforation
7. Gallbladder carcinoma
8. Mirizzi's syndrome
9.
Biliary colic 2. ... Cholelithiasis #differential ... #diagnosis #gastroenterology
Indications for ERCP
1. Biliary Tract Diseases:
 • Biliary obstruction: Choledocholithiasis, Malignant biliary strictures, Benign biliary strictures
Biliary Tract Diseases ... : • Biliary obstruction ... manometry • Bile leak 2. ... #Indications #management ... #gastroenterology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... - Vasopressin-2 ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential ... Hyperalimentation 2. ... normal Type 2: ... - Pancreatic/Biliary ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - Differential ... renal mechanism 2) ... Hypernatremia #Differential ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric ... Hydration: 1.5-2 ... ECWL +/- Stent: < 2 ... protein - Low sodium ... #Pediatrics #nephrology