218 results
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
• Hereditary Cholestatic ... of intrahepatic cholestasis ... hepatocyte damage (eg, hepatitis ... ) Intrahepatic cholestasis ... or intrahepatic cholestasis
Causes of Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular - Liver Parenchyma
 • Infectious: Hepatitis C, A,
• Infectious: Hepatitis ... NAFLD, Autoimmune hepatitis ... Thrombus, Vasospasm Cholestatic ... Sepsis, Viral Hepatitis ... , TB Cholestatic
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Check Acute viral hepatitis ... Check Acute viral hepatitis ... RNA • R < 2: Cholestasis ... Obstruction: Cholestasis ... Chronic viral hepatitis
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Autoimmune: Autoimmune hepatitis ... poisoning, ETOH Cholestatic ... epithelia: - Cholestasis ... Chronic viral hepatitis ... liver #injury #hepatitis
Hepatocellular Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework:
Liver Injury → liver test abnormalities without evidence of liver
phosphatase) 2) Cholestatic ... • Infections: Hepatitis ... Transaminitis #LFTs #hepatitis
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
• Others • Cholestatic ... • Alcoholic hepatitis
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm
DILI suspicion
Features toxic aetiology: Skin involvement, Kidney injury,
titres, ↑ IgG • Cholestatic ... ascites), Chronic hepatitis ... • Autoimmune hepatitis
Autoimmune Hepatitis

Clinical Presentation
 - Highly variable clinical presentation, from subclinical disease to acute liver failure.
 -
Autoimmune Hepatitis ... injury, though cholestatic ... Other Etiology of Hepatitis ... #Autoimmune #Hepatitis
Hepatobiliary Manifestations of Sickle Cell Disease
Acute sickle cell hepatic crisis:
 • Fever, acute onset RUQ pain,
Acute intrahepatic cholestasis ... Hepatobiliary #hepatology #hepatitis
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
bile ducts causes cholestasis ... Diagnosis: • Viral hepatitis ... , Intrahepatic cholestasis ... , Drug-induced cholestasis