12 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
tubular acidosis (Types ... and 2, but not type ... 4) - Salt wasting ... Low #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Excessive GI losses ... Familial renal Mg wasting ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Na >30: Renal losses ... Cerebral salt wasting ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... and Screening Testing ... Oral sodium loading ... #Screening #Workup ... #table
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... cryoglobulinemias (types ... #glomerular #testing ... #workup #diagnosis ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Classification: ... HRS-AKI (formerly Type ... HRS-Non-AKI (formerly Type ... • Urine sodium ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease
1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... cryoglobulinemias (types ... glomerular #disease #workup ... diagnosis #initial #testing ... #nephrology #nephrotic
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
ASA class If ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... Risk Stratify Type ... What is the type ... surgery Stress Testing
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Prevalence: 1-2 cases ... disorders • Testing ... diazepam • EMG testing ... antibody that works ... others (botox, sodium