7547 results
POCUS - Measuring Cardiac Output
1) Calculate LVOT Area
2) Calculate LVOT VTI
3) Calculate Cardiac Output

SV = (LVOT
) x (LVOT VTI) CO ... LVOT VTI) X HR CO ... Cardiac #Output #CO ... #Measurement #cardiology ... #diagnosis
Sinus Tachycardia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Autonomic System:
 • Excess Stimulation: Nicotine, Caffeine, Sympathomimetics, Anticholinergics
 • Withdrawal:
- Differential Diagnosis ... Pheochromocytoma Inadequate CO ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #cardiology
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
and Differential Diagnosis ... Anemia - Increased CO ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #cardiology #causes
Right Heart Catheterization Cheat Sheet: Interpretation of Pressures and Waveforms 
Direct measurements
 ● Central venous pressure
Cardiac output (CO ... pressure – CVP]/CO ... /min/m2) (CI = CO ... Interpretation #Diagnosis ... CheatSheet #Waveforms #Cardiology
Right Heart Catheterization - Pulmonary Artery Pressures and Calculations
PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE = (meanPAP-PCWP) / CO
 •
meanPAP-PCWP) / CO ... [(MAP - RAP) / CO ... (CPO) = (MAP x CO ... artery #catheter #diagnosis ... #cardiology #swanganz
Quincke's Pulse in a patient with a normal echocardiogram (non-valvular)

A 70 y/o man presents with new
Sure enough, CO ... AorticRegurgitation #Diagnosis ... Fingernails #Nailbed #Cardiology
Benign T-wave Inversion (BTWI) vs. Wellens'
 • Usually in leads V3-V6 (vs. V2-V4 in Wellens'), but
distinct J-waves co-existing ... BTWI #EKG #ECG #diagnosis ... #cardiology #electrocardiogram
Shock Classification and Differential Diagnosis
SHOCK
 • MAP <65, SBP <90, drop in SBP > 40
 •
and Differential Diagnosis ... Distributive: • High CO ... Cardiogenic: • Low CO ... Obstructive: • Low CO ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
MAP = CO x SVR
Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume):
 • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
- Differential Diagnosis ... Framework MAP = CO ... third-spacing • ↓ CO ... arrhythmia • ↓ CO ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Symptoms are non-specific:
 - Headache 90%
 - Nausea/vomiting 50%
 - Vertigo 50%
 - Altered
Subjective weakness 20% Diagnosis ... questions: - Co-ocupants ... - Alarm (for CO ... Poisoning #Toxicology #diagnosis