21 results
Podocytopathies - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

No podocytopenia - EM shows minimal change disease
 • Minimal Change Nephropathy
Podocytopenia
• FSGS NOS Podocyte ... Sclerosis • High - Collapsing ... Podocytopathy #podocytes
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Nephrotic yndrome—podocyte ... 10 (eg direct podocyte ... damage) or 20 (podocyte
Spectrum of Glomerular Diseases
Nephrotic - Mechanism:
 • Injury to podocytes
 • Changed architecture: Scanning. Deposition of
• Injury to podocytes
Codocytes (Target cells) - Two target cells are seen in the left photo and one in
Codocytes (Target ... #Blood #Smear #Codocytes
Innate Immune Cells - Pathophysiology
The innate immune system consists of granulocytes, mast cells, natural killer cells,
killer cells, and monocytes ... Monocytes and neutrophils ... Monocytes and B-cells
Characteristics of Selected Pneumonias

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Gram-positive diplococci. 
Haemophilus influenzae. Pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacilli. 
Staphylococcus aureus. Plump
PMNs and monocytes
Collapsing IVC on POCUS - 

More fluids please

Dr. J. Christian Fox @jchristianfox

#Respiratory #Variation #Collapsing #IVC #InferiorVenaCava
Collapsing IVC on ... Respiratory #Variation #Collapsing
Peripheral Signs of Aortic Regurgitation

Corrigan sign	Prominent carotid and supraclavicular pulsations
Alfred de Musset sign	Head nodding with heart
volume abruptly collapsing
COVID-19 - How does it affect you? 
Gas Exchange 
Each sac of air, or alveolus, is
prevents it from collapsing
Fever - Pyrogen Pathophysiology

EXOGENOUS PYROGEN
 • Bacteria: Lipopolysaccharide components, peptidoglycans and muramyl peptide derivatives, Toxins
 •
(neutrophils, monocytes