28 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
to severity of symptoms ... sometimes advanced treatment ... flare ups that cause ... IV symptoms. ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
American College of Cardiology ... Foundation and ... With treatment, ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #Classes #NYHA
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
sometimes advanced treatment ... flare ups that cause ... IV symptoms. ... Treatments may include ... #Management #Cardiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Hypertension Stage ... -> AV nicking Stage ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #complications
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... improvement in symptoms ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
clinical complications ... Post-operative state ... overload) Other Symptoms ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
Worsening of previous neurologic ... • Usually is a complication ... tuberculoma (later stage ... • Caused by immune ... differential #TB #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Neurological symptoms ... the underlying cause ... • Treatment of
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
adenomas that require treatment ... For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms ... / Complications ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
lights are a key symptom ... • Significant cause ... most frequent cause ... / Complications ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology