55 results
Orthopedic Essentials - Spinal Trauma and Spine Classification 
DENIS THREE COLUMN CONCEPT
Anterior column:
DENIS THREE COLUMN ... CONCEPT Anterior column ... process fracture Stable ... fractures: Don't cause ... deficit, still able
Internal Jugular Vein Rouleaux Flow on POCUS

Amazing video of a dilated IJV showing Rouleaux flow. Whenever
Rouleaux Flow on POCUS ... significantly, it causes ... the RBCs to clump ... for underlying cause ... Jugular #IJ #Vein #POCUS
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Hyponatremia According to Volume ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Ulcerative Colitis vs Crohn's Disease - IBD Comparison Table
Ulcerative Collitis
 - Location
IBD Comparison Table ... diseased and normal colon ... ileum • Most cases ... Amy Chung, MD, MSc ... IBD #Comparison #Table
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Effective Circulating Volume ... ”) - Volume depletion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification

Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Hemorrhagic 
   • Trauma
(Intravascular volume ... exacerbation (any cause ... Classification #Table
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
bradycardia • Sinus pauses ... Orthostatic Syncope - Volume ... Classification #Table ... #Causes
Increased Urinary Frequency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Non-increased urine volume (<2mL/min), Rule out polyuria
Extrinsic to Urinary Tract:
Non-increased urine volume ... Nephrolithiasis Small Volume ... • Diabetes • MS ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
Indications: 
 • COPD exacerbation (↓ intubation, ↓ mortality), Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (↓
mortality), Other causes ... airway / remove mask ... AVAPS - Adaptive volume
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia is usually caused ... particular attention to volume ... Then, ask 3 questions ... Assess volume status ... the underlying cause