10 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypomagnesemia Internal ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Frameworks for Internal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
depolarization • ↑ PR interval ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... Duration) - ↑ QT interval ... velocity) - ↑ PR interval ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Shock Classification Types - Pathophysiology Comparison

Obstructive Shock:
 • Obstructive shock is characterized by a blockage in
Shock Classification ... Types - Pathophysiology ... in blood flow caused ... Depends on the cause ... characterized by internal
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... dose at weekly intervals ... necessary at 1-wk intervals ... of aspiration #Potassium ... #pharmacology #table
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
depolarization • ↑ PR interval ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... Duration) - ↑ QT interval ... velocity) - ↑ PR interval ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
three primary pathophysiologic ... causes differentiated ... GPA Stanford Internal ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
blood donor • Pathophysiology ... without other cause ... transfusion • Pathophysiology ... diuresis SCVMC Internal ... diagnosis #comparison #table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Osmostat Stanford Internal ... differential #diagnosis #table
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... depress, ↑PR ↑QRS intervals ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... Management #Treatment #potassium