111 results
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis ... staining (lg + complement ... MGPN • Complement ... of alternative complement ... Membranoproliferative #Glomerulonephritis
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis ... staining): • Low Complement ... Idiopathic • Normal Complement ... Kidney: Anti-GBM Glomerulonephritis ... #Progressive #Glomerulonephritis
Causes of Hypocomplementemia - CHAMPS Mnemonic
C - Cryoglobulinemia (85%), C3 glomerulopathy, cirrhosis
H - Heavy Chain deposition
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis ... Post/pauci immune glomerulonephritis ... Hypocomplementemia #Low #Complement
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes and Mimics - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
90%:
 -
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis ... anti-GBM) 10%: - Low Complement ... Vasculitis - Normal Complement
Comprehensive pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy (i.e Berger’s Disease). 

IgA Nephropathy is the most common cause of
common cause of Glomerulonephritis ... Relationship of complement ... AcuteGlomerulonephritis #Glomerulonephritis
Hypersensitivity Types and Their Mechanisms
Type I - lgE - Soluble antigen
 - Allergen-specific lgE antibodies bind
antigen, leading to complement ... Complement activation ... Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Summary table of types of hypersensitivity reactions. 
Type 1
 - Mediators: lgE
 - Antigen Form: Soluble
antigens, leading to complement ... they activate complement ... Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
- Necrotizing glomerulonephritis ... , pauci-immune glomerulonephritis ... Vasculitis • Glomerulonephritis ... arthritis. (± glomerulonephritis ... against MPO • Complement
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
or alternative complement ... workup #diagnosis #glomerulonephritis
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
Skin ulcers - Glomerulonephritis ... • Low serum C4 complement