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STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
flare ups that cause ... characteristics; a left ventricular ... #Management #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive ... #ACCAHA #Algorithm
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
American College of Cardiology ... published a four-component ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive ... #Classes #NYHA
Stages in the development of HF and recommended therapy by stage. ACEI indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor;
cardioverter-defibrillator; LV, left ventricular ... ; LVH, left ventricular ... #CHF #Congestive ... #ACCAHA #Algorithm ... #Management #Cardiology
CHF - Left-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Valvular Disease (Preserved Diastolic/Systolic Function)
 • Mitral Stenosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Ischemia • Left Ventricular ... • Pericardial Constriction ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology ... #causes
Pulse Abnormalities - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unequal/DeIayed:
 • Obstructive arterial disease (ie. Atherosclerosis)
 • Aortic dissection
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypovolemic shock • Constrictive ... • High output states ... Abnormalities #Disorders #Cardiology ... #causes
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
and congestion. ... Signs of congestion ... the determined cause ... #differential #algorithm ... #management #cardiology
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Key Components: ... physical exam - Key components ... algorithm to determine ... indication of AC ... one post op Cardiology
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Causes include: ... Pulmonary vascular congestion ... • Normal left ventricular ... activity, especially status ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology
Ebstein Anomaly on Echocardiogram

Ebstein anomaly. The tricuspid valve is ALWAYS more apically displaced than the mitral
the RV as the ventricular ... commonest congenital cause ... flow acceleration starts ... Echocardiogram #cardiology ... #a4c
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