38 results
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
Causes of acute ... Renal causes of ... different anatomic components ... #Diagnosis #AKI ... #Sites #Nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... Cl⁻ with other components ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
The head impulse test (HIT) result is positive (abnormal) in nearly all patients with a peripheral
with a peripheral cause ... with a central cause ... #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam ... #Neurology #AVS
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
Erb's Palsy is caused ... Dislocation - May cause ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis ... #neurology #sensory ... #motor #arm #physicalexam
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
females Differential Diagnosis ... dissociation • Other causes ... #Adies #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #ophthalmology
Giant A waves caused by pulmonary HTN. There are two clearly discernible descents (X and Y)
Giant A waves caused ... louder second component ... the underlying diagnosis ... PHTN #JVP #Neck #PhysicalExam
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Pisa Syndrome (pleurothotonus) on Physical Exam
A tonic flexion of the trunk of the body to one
Caused commonly ... Pathophysiology: ... pleurothotonus #PhysicalExam ... #clinical #neurology
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Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Commonly caused ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis ... #neurology #sensory ... #motor #leg #physicalexam
Romberg's Test for Proprioception
History: First described in the 19th century in patients with tabes dorsalis (later
Observe when patient closes ... Rombergs #Test #neurology ... #diagnosis #proprioception ... #physicalexam
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Pathophysiology: ... Diagnosis (Clinical ... Exclude other AKI causes ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis