10 results
Syncope Diagnostic Testing and Evaluation: Cost Effectiveness
Frequency obtained - Abnormal findings - Helped determine etiology of
Testing and Evaluation ... /S, EEG, Brain MRI ... #diagnosis #workup ... #testing #Cost ... Effectiveness #table
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
- Vasovagal syncope ... depletion - Medication ... disease • Diabetes ... Alcohol blackout - Medication ... Classification #Table
Syncope Cost-Effectiveness Workup
Cost-effective tests for most patients: 
 • Orthostatic BP
 • ECG
 • Telemetry (if
Syncope Cost-Effectiveness ... Workup Cost-effective ... or additional indications ... Carotid US • Brain MRI ... #testing #Cost
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Renal Loses - Medications ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... Familial renal Mg wasting ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Key Components: ... - Allergies to medications ... physical exam - Key components ... Diabetes regimen ... surgery Stress Testing
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
and Screening Testing ... Doppler ultrasound; MRA ... CT or MRI scan of ... Causes #Screening #Workup ... #table
Compelling and Possible Contraindications to Antihypertensive Drugs
Diuretics (thiazides)
 - Gout
 - Metabolic syndrome, Glucose intolerance, Pregnancy,
receptor antagonists (MRA ... hyperkalemia (ACEI, ARB, diabetes ... failure - Co-medication ... antihypertensive #medications ... contraindications #table
Atrial Fibrillation RVR - Medications
Diltiazem
 • Preferred in patients with chronic lung such as Asthma and
Fibrillation RVR - Medications ... exercise, after acute MI ... to 6-8 hours to work ... Fibrillation #AFib #RVR #Medications ... treatment #comparison #table
Rybelsus (oral semaglutide) - First Oral GLP-1 Agonist
Dosing:
3 mg daily x 30 days, then 7 mg
semaglutide, the same medication ... Otherwise, it works ... drug to remain stable ... take any other medications ... #semaglutide #Diabetes
Evaluation of Recurrent Falls

Core Concept:
Maintaining an upright posture requires the integrated function of multiple systems.
Disruption in
failure - Syncope ... anemia • Clues: Syncope ... neuropathy (e.g., diabetic ... weakness, muscle wasting ... Contributing Factors • Medications