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diagnosis differential causes management high hypernatremia hypokalemia treatment workup alkalosis chloride epilepticus hyponatremia k low metabolic pediatrics peds rhabdomyolysis seizure
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... PHA type l/type 2 ... #Diagnosis #algorithm ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... starts by measuring ... acidosis (type 1 of 2) ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... - Hyperosmolar states ... Medications 2. ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... - Hyperosmolar states ... Medications 2. ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... Assess volume status ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... renal mechanism 2) ... Volume Status ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... renal ischemia 2. ... Initial rate: 1-2 ... Monitor potassium ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Hyponatremia Diagnostic Algorithm 1) Check serum osmolality 2) Check urine osmolality 3) ADH Dependent - Check volume status, urine
Hyponatremia Diagnostic Algorithm ... serum osmolality 2) ... - Check volume status ... , urine sodium, ... #hyponatremia #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Normal acid-base status ... the excretion of sodium ... and potassium acid ... #nephrology #differential
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