21 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... Hypervolemic: Conn ... #Differential # ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... : • Acute or chronic ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Differentials? ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... renal failure ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
of Seizures - Differential ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Prophyria #Seizures #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #neurology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
caused by the inability ... correction of chronic ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... irrigation • Management ... nephrotic syndrome • Hyponatremia ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... failure (acute and chronic ... Chronic progressive ... #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #NAGMA #Differential ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
Hematuria in Post-Renal ... FSGS • Other: Chronic ... #Transplant #differential ... #blood #urine #management ... #treatment #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Differential Diagnosis ... The differential ... correction of chronic ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium