12 results
Acromegaly 
Caused by over-secretion of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland. 
The condition is rare
(GH) from the pituitary ... #Acromegaly #Signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Clinical Effects of Large and Small Pituitary Tumours
Local complications - Headache, Visual field defect, Disconnection hyperprolactinaemia,
Large and Small Pituitary ... infarction/expansion (pituitary ... #Tumors #Signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
Pituitary Mass Effects ... Pituitary adenomas ... • For pituitary ... Signs / Symptoms ... #SideEffects #endocrinology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
production by the pituitary ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... : Commonly no signs ... Bone/joint pain Psychiatric ... Symptoms: Disorientation ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
activates lipolysis Signs ... /Symptoms: • GH ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... pathophysiology #pituitary
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency - Signs and Symptoms
 • Brain: Androgenization effects, Glucocorticoid effects,
Hydroxylase Deficiency - Signs ... and Symptoms • ... • Hypothalamic–Pituitary ... #Symptoms #diagnosis ... #endocrinology
Schizophrenia: Pathogenesis and Symptoms
Increased dopaminergic transmission in mesolimbic projection
-> Dopaminergic neurons here project into the limbic
Pathogenesis and Symptoms ... cause the Positive Symptoms ... into the cerebral cortex ... cause Negative Symptoms ... #signs #psychiatry
First Generation Anti-Psychotics: Mechanisms and Side Effects
Typical/Conventional Anti-Psychotics - Examples: Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine

ACh M1 antagonist - Block
-> Prefrontal Cortex ... Hypothalamus -> Pituitary ... Extrapyramidal Symptoms ... pharmacology #diagnosis #psychiatry
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
TSH-producing pituitary ... #differential #endocrinology ... #signs #symptoms