33 results
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
production -> Corneal ... conjunctiva and cornea ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Keratoconus: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Genetics
 • Family history of keratoconus
 • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
 • Down, Turner,
> Keratoconus Signs ... Ring • Munson's sign ... • Rizutti's Sign ... #Keratoconus #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
Proptosis -> Exposes cornea ... -> Corneal drying ... Orbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... red-brown coloured -> Copper ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Bell's Phenomenon on Physical Exam

Carles Bell realized that when trying to close the eye on the
Physical Exam Carles ... Bells #Phenomenon #Sign ... clinical #video #PhysicalExam ... #ophthalmology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... This order (with ... Signs / Symptoms ... Headaches • Nausea ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Lancisi’s Sign in Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation

A 60-year-old man presented with progressive dyspnea and weight gain. A
Lancisi’s Sign in ... lower sternal border ... Lancisi’s sign is ... It is caused by ... Regurgitation #PhysicalExam
Schizophrenia: Pathogenesis and Symptoms
Increased dopaminergic transmission in mesolimbic projection
-> Dopaminergic neurons here project into the limbic
is thought to cause ... into the cerebral cortex ... is thought to cause ... Schizophrenia #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
Brudzinski’s Sign ... Brudzinski's sign ... Passive neck flexion causes ... While the pathophysiology ... Clinical #Video #PhysicalExam
Core IM: Pearls on Contrast-Induced Nephropathy

Definition: 
 • no slam dunk criteria 
 • definition in
Core IM: Pearls ... Diagnosis: • look for signs ... (muddy brown casts ... #Diagnosis #Management