39 results
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner ... syndrome, history ... lesion • CNS infection ... (e.g., meningitis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
hypothalamus, and visual cortex ... photophobia • Meningitis ... meningeal irritation signs ... Photophobia in viral meningitis ... ophthalmology #Neurology
Causes of Encephalopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperacute:
 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure, Migraine, Trauma
Acute: - Primary Neurologic ... demyelination), Infectious ... bacterial/viral meningitis ... paraneoplastic syndromes ... neurocognitive disease
Fever Patterns - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Continuous Fever:
Temp > 38°C with only 1 degree fluctuation in 24
Acute bacterial meningitis ... • Behcet's syndrome ... • Hyper-IgD syndrome ... Brucellosis Faget's Sign ... • Tuberculous meningitis
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... : • Headache and ... Acute meningeal signs ... rav7ks #CNS #Infections ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
lesion Pott's Disease ... Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... of Tuberculous Meningitis ... later stage) • Headache ... • Papilledema, headache
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
and less common diseases ... • Enteroviral infections ... • Lyme disease ... Carcinomatous meningitis ... #neurology #noninflammatory
Lyme Disease: Early and Late Clinical manifestations
Stage 1. Localized
 • EM appears 7-14 days at the
Lyme Disease: Early ... myalgia, arthralgia, headache ... • Heralded by neurologic ... SSX (lymphocytic meningitis ... #diagnosis #signs
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... status changes - Meningitis ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... , meningitis, encephalitis ... #signs #symptoms
Headaches Overview - Primary vs Secondary Headaches

What’s the Core Difference?
 • Primary headache = headache is
What’s the Core ... disease itself ... aneurysm) • Infection ... (e.g., meningitis ... N Neurological signs