13 results
Countercurrent Multiplication in the loop of Henle

Dr. Muner Mohamed @MunerMohamed1

#Countercurrent #Multiplication #loop #Henle #pathophysiology #nephrology
Countercurrent Multiplication ... in the loop of ... Multiplication #loop ... #Henle #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Thick ascending loop ... of Henle Gitelman ... Fanconi #Bartter #Gitelman ... Nephron #Defects #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
mannitol) 3) Loop ... HCTZ) 5) Potassium-sparing ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Nephron
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... High Urine Cl - Loop ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Diuretics (loop ... Hypomagnesemia • Barrter's/Gitelman's ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypokalemia (renal potassium ... Supplement: • Potassium ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology